Bayan Juyin Mulkin da Iran ta yi a shekarar 1953, Pahlavi ya haɗa kai da Amurka da Ƙasashen Yamma don yin mulki da ƙarfi a matsayin cikakken Sarki.

Ya dogara kacokan kan goyon bayan da Amurka ke samu don ya ci gaba da riƙe madafun ikon da ya riƙe na tsawon shekaru 26. A wannan lokacin idan Ƙasar Iran za ta fitar da Kuɗi sai Shugaban Ƙasar Amurka ya sa hannu.

A Iran da Juyin-juya-halin da aka sani da ‘Juyin-juya-halin Musulunci (Persian: انقلاب اسلامی,) da jerin abubuwan wadda ya kai ga kifar da Daular Pahlavi ƙarƙashin Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, da kuma maye gurbin gwamnatinsa da Jamhuriyar Musulunci ƙarƙashin jagorancin Ayatullah Ruhollah Khomeini.

Juyin-juya-halin ya Samu Goyon Bayan Ƙungiyoyin Islama Daban-Daban

Juyin-juya-halin Ƙasar Iran wani ƙoƙari ne da ƴan Ƙasar Iran suka yi wadda ya ba su nasarar hamɓarar da mulkin Sarauta a Ƙasar, tare da kafa mulkin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran.

A ƙarƙashin Juyin-juya Halin, al’ummar Ƙasar sun hamɓare Mulkin Sarki Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, tare da naɗa Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini a matsayin jagoran ƙasar.

An kwashe kimanin shekara guda ana gudanar da gwagwarmayar Juyin-juya-halin Ƙasar Iran, wato daga farkon shekarar 1978, zuwa farkon 1979.

         Asalin Juyin-Juya-Halin

Kafin faruwar Juyin-juya-halin Ƙasar Iran, abubuwa da dama sun faru waɗanda suka janyo Juyin-juya-halin. Sai dai mafi muhimmanci shi ne; Dalili na addini. Domin kuwa, mutanen Ƙasar Iran sun kasance Mutane masu kishin addini da ƙyamatar aƙidun Ƙasashen Yamma.

A cikin shekarar 1963, Gwamnatin Masarautar Iran ƙarƙashin Sarki Shah Reza Pahlavi, ta ƙaddamar da shirin Gwamnati a kan tattalin arziƙi, tsarin Siyasa, da kuma tsarin zamantakewar al’umma wadda ake kira da ‘White Revolution.’

A ƙarƙashin tsarin na ‘White Revolution,’ Sarki Shah ya tsara cewa, daga wannan lokacin Ƙasar Iran za ta dinga salon tsarin tattalin arziƙi, siyasa, da kuma zamantakewa irin na ƙasashen Turawan Yamma da Amurka. Sai dai kuma mutanen Ƙasar Iran sun nuna adawarsu ga wannan tsarin saboda sun ce, tsari ne wadda ya ci karo da addinin Musulunci da kuma al’adunsu. Don haka ne, tun daga nan Gwamnatin Masarautar Iran ta fara yin rigima da malaman addini da kuma sauran ƴan ƙasa.

Haka kuma, zuwa tsakiyar shekarun 1970, ƙasar Iran ta fara fuskantar matsain tattalin arziƙi. Don haka ne masana ilmi, ɗalibai ƴan gwagwarmaya, da kuma matsakaitan ƴan kasuwa suka fara juya wa Gwamnati baya.

A kwana a tashi ma’aikata suka fara tafiya yajin aiki, wasu daga cikin al’ummar Ƙasar kuma suka fara zanga-zanga. Hakan kuma ya fara alamta cewa akwai yiwuwar faruwar hargitsi a Ƙasar Iran.

Faruwar Juyin-Juya Halin Ƙasar Iran

Gwagwarmayar Juyin-juya-halin Ƙasar Iran ya fara ne a farkon shekarar 1978, a lokacin da dubban al’ummar ƙasar Iran suka fara zanga-zangar ƙin jinin Gwamnatin Masarautar Iran. A hannu ɗaya kuma, Shugaban Addinin Musulunci na Iran wato Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, wadda yake gudun hijira a ƙasar Iran ya yi amfani da damar wajen bai wa ƴan gwagwarmayar ƙwarin guiwa ta hanyar yin jawabai da taimakon Kuɗi.

Zuwa watan Disamba, na shekarar 1978, miliyoyin ƴan Ƙasar Iran sun cika manyan titutuna na babban birnin ƙasar wato Tehran, da kuma sauran manyan biranen Ƙasar.

Mutanen ƙasar sun nuna gajiyawarsu ga Gwamnatin Sarauta tare da buƙatar Sarkin Iran Muhammad Reza Pahlavi, da ya sauka daga mulki. Don haka ne a ranar 16 ga watan Janairu na shekara ta 1979, Sarki Shah ya gudu ya bar Ƙasar Iran tare da yin gudun hijra zuwa Ƙasar Masar (Egypt). Hakan kuma ya kawo ƙarshen Juyin-Juya Halin Ƙasar Iran.

A ɗaya hannun kuma, mutanen Ƙasar Iran, sun gayyaci Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, wadda ke gudun hijira a ƙasar Faransa, domin ya dawo ya kafa Gwamnatin Musulunci.

Don haka ne Ayatollah, ya dawo kuma ya zama sabon jagoran Ƙasar Iran wadda ta koma Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, wato a turance “Islamic Republic Of Iran.”

An zargi sojojin Shah kuma sun ba da gudun mowa kai-tsaye wajen hamɓarar da shi. Masu lura da al’amura sun bambanta kan adadin mutanen da suka mutu.

Gwamnatin Musulunci ta ce, adadin Mutane Dubu Sittin (60,000), da aka kashe; Dangane da wannan adadi, masanin Tarihi na soja Spencer C. Tucker, ya lura cewa, “Gwamnatin Khomeini ta wuce gona da iri kan adadin mutuwar juyin-juya-halin Musulunci saboda dalilai na farfaganda.”

Aƙalla masanin Tarihi ɗaya a Yammacin Turai Charles Kurzman, ya zana bayanai dalla-dalla, daga baya daga Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta yi imanin adadin ya kusan kusan dubu biyu zuwa dubu uku (2,000-3,000).

Tucker, ya bayyana cewa, ijma’in masana tarihi dangane da ƙiyasin mace-mace a lokacin Juyin-juya-halin Iran daga Janairun 1978 zuwa 1979, adadi tsakanin 532 zuwa 2,781.

  Ƙarin Bayanai Masu Muhimmanci

Bayan kafuwar Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran a shekarar 1979, an gudanar da zaɓen raba gardama (Referendum) a watan Maris na shekarar 1979 in da mafi rinjayen al’ummar ƙasar suka kaɗa ƙuri’ar amincewa da sabon tsarin Jamhuriya.

A watan Disamba na shekarar 1979 kuma aka amince da sabon Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, wanda ya bai wa Jagoran Addini (Supreme Leader) iko mafi girma a tsarin siyasar ƙasar, ciki har da ikon naɗa manyan Hafsoshin Soji, Shugaban Alƙalai, da kuma kula da manyan manufofin Ƙasa.

A shekarar 1980 ne aka fara Yaƙin Iran da Iraƙi wanda ya ɗauki tsawon shekaru takwas (1980–1988), ya kuma yi sanadiyyar asarar rayuka masu yawa da lalacewar tattalin arziƙi a ɓangarorin biyu.

Bayan rasuwar Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini a shekarar 1989, aka zaɓi Ayatollah Ali Khamenei a matsayin sabon Jagoran Addini, wanda ya ci gaba da jagorantar ƙasar har zuwa ranar 1/02/25, wadda Amurka da Isra’ila suka yi ikirarin kashe shi, ta hanyar kai masa hari a ofishin sa da ke Birnin Tehran.

Tun daga shekarar 2000 zuwa yanzu, Iran ta ci gaba da fuskantar takunkuman tattalin arziƙi daga Ƙasashen Yamma, musamman kan shirinta na Makamashin Nukiliya, lamarin da ya janyo tattaunawa da yarjejeniyoyi da Ƙasashen Duniya a lokuta daban-daban.

A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, an samu zanga-zangar cikin gida kan matsalolin tattalin arziƙi, hauhawar farashi, da kuma batutuwan zamantakewa. Duk da haka, tsarin Jamhuriyar Musulunci da aka kafa sakamakon Juyin-juya-halin 1979 ya ci gaba da kasancewa ginshiƙin siyasar ƙasar, tare da tasiri mai ƙarfi a harkokin yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya da ma Duniya baki ɗaya.

Ammanar Al’umma ga Shugabanninsu

Bayan kafuwar Jamhuriyar Musulunci, al’ummar ƙasar sun yi amanna sosai da sabon tsarin mulkin da aka kafa, musamman a farkon shekarun 1980, in da mafi rinjayen su suka goyi bayan shugabannin addini wajen kafa Jamhuriyar Musulunci.

Wannan amanna ta samo asali ne daga tsananin kishin addini da kuma ƙwarewar shugabanni kamar Ayatollah Khomeini wajen jan hankalin Mutane ta hanyar huɗubobi, rubuce-rubuce, da kuma ƙungiyoyin da ke tallafawa gwagwarmaya da sauyi.

Tun bayan zaɓen Ayatollah Ali Khamenei a matsayin Jagoran Addini a shekarar 1989, akwai wani ɓangare na al’umma da ya riƙa nuna amanna da shugabancinsa, musamman a wajen harkokin addini, siyasa, da tsaro. Duk da haka, wannan amanna ba ta zama cikakkiya ga kowa ba.

A cikin shekarun baya, wasu ɓangarori na al’umma sun fara nuna rashin jin daɗi kan yadda shugabanni ke tafiyar da tattalin arziƙi, haƙƙin ɗan’Adam, da rashin sassauci a harkokin siyasa.

                    Kammalawa

Juyin-Juya-halin Ƙasar Iran na shekarar 1979 ya zama ɗaya daga cikin manyan sauye-sauyen siyasa a karni na 20, in da ya canja tsarin mulki daga mulkin Sarauta na Shah Pahlavi zuwa Jamhuriyar Musulunci.

Wannan sauyi ya samu nasara ne sakamakon haɗin guiwar al’umma, ƙungiyoyin addini, da shugabanni masu hangen nesa kamar Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini.

Bayan kafa Jamhuriyar Musulunci, Iran ta ci gaba da tafiyar da harkokinta bisa tsarin addini, in da Shugaban Addini (Supreme Leader) ke riƙe da ikon mafi girma a siyasa, soji, da al’amuran ƙasa baki ɗaya.

Al’ummar ƙasar sun nuna amanna da shugabanni, musamman a fannonin addini da siyasa, duk da cewa wasu ɓangarori sun fara nuna rashin jin daɗi kan matsalolin tattalin arziƙi, haƙƙin ɗan’Adam, da rashin sassauci a harkokin siyasa.

Tun bayan rasuwar Khomeini a 1989, jagororin Iran sun ci gaba da ƙoƙarin tabbatar da cewa, tsarin Jamhuriyar Musulunci ya na dawwame, amma ƙasar ta fuskanci ƙalubale da dama, ciki har da zanga-zangar cikin gida, hauhawar farashi, takunkumi daga ƙasashen waje, da kuma rikice-rikice na siyasa a yankin Gabas ta Tsakiya.

A yau, Iran ta na ci gaba da kasancewa mai tasiri a harkokin yankin da Duniya baki ɗaya, in da tasirin Juyin-Juya-halin 1979 ke ci gaba da kasancewa ginshiƙi mai ƙarfi na tsarin mulkin ƙasar, amma kuma ya na ƙunshe da ƙalubale wajen tabbatar da adalci, zaman lafiya, da ci gaban tattalin arziƙi ga dukkan al’umma.