Tarihin Kwalejin Barewa (Barewa College) na daga cikin manyan tarihin ilimi a Arewacin Najeriya. Makarantar ta taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da Shugabanni, Malamai, jami’an Gwamnati, da manyan Mutane da suka bayar da gagarumar gudunmowa ga ci gaban Najeriya tun kafin samun Ƴancin Kai har zuwa yau.

Wannan Makaranta mai tsohon tarihi, ita ce Makaranta mafi daɗewa a duk faɗin Arewancin Najeriya. Ta na daga cikin jagaban Makarantun da suka yaye ɗaliban da suka jagoranci Najeriya tun Dauri. Daga cikin tsofaffin ɗalibanta akwai Sir. Ahmadu Bello, da kuma Sir. Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa.

          Asalin Kafuwar Kwalejin

Asalin Makarantar ya fara ne a Katsina, lokacin da Turawan Mulkin Mallaka suka kafa wata Cibiyar Horas da Malamai mai suna ‘Katsina Training College‘ a shekarar 1921.

Manufar kafa Makarantar ita ce; samar da ƙwararrun Malamai ƴan asalin Arewacin Najeriya domin inganta harkar ilimi a yankin.

Wanda ya fi bayar da gudunmowa wajen samar da wannan tunani shi ne Mista F. M. Urling Smith, wanda aka fi sani da Malam Smith. A matsayinsa na Daraktan Ilimi na Lardunan Arewa, ya fahimci cewa, ba za a samu ci gaban ilimi ba matuƙar ba a samu malamai ƴan asalin yankin da aka horas yadda ya kamata ba.

A wancan lokaci, tsarin ilimin Turawan Mulkin Mallaka a Arewa ya na fama da matsaloli da dama, musamman rashin isassun malamai da kuma ƙarancin Cibiyoyin Horaswa. Saboda haka, Smith ya yi imanin cewa, dole ne a samar da wata babbar Makaranta da za ta riƙa koyar da Malamai da Shugabannin gobe na Arewa.

Sai dai tun farko akwai wasu jami’an Mulkin Mallaka da ba su goyi bayan kafa irin wannan babbar Makaranta ba. Daga ciki har da Hans Vischer, wanda aka fi sani da “Ɗan Hausa,” tsohon Daraktan Ilimi a Arewa. Wasu daga cikin Jami’an Mulkin Mallakar su na tsoron cewa, bai kamata ilimin Arewa ya yi gogayya da na Kudancin Najeriya ba.

Duk da cewa Gwamna Janar Lord Frederick Lugard ya nuna goyon baya ga shirin a shekarar 1917, matsalar Kuɗi da ƙarancin ma’aikata suka hana aiwatar da shi a lokacin. Daga baya ne, lokacin mulkin Sir. Hugh Clifford, aka amince da shirin kafa makarantar.

                Dalilin Zaɓen Katsina

Bayan an amince da kafa makarantar, sai aka fara muhawara kan in da ya fi dacewa a gina ta. Duk da cewa Kaduna ce Hedikwatar mulkin Arewa kuma ta na kusa da layin dogon Jirgin Ƙasa, amma an zaɓi Katsina saboda dalilai masu yawa.

Da farko, Katsina ta daɗe ta na amsa sunan ‘Cibiyar ilimi da addini’ tun kafin zuwan Turawa. Haka kuma, Sarkin Katsina na lokacin, Muhammadu Dikko, ya nuna cikakken goyon baya ga shirin. Ya bayar da filin da aka fara gina makarantar da kuma taimako wajen tabbatar da nasarar aikin.

Wani dalilin kuma shi ne; rage kuɗaɗen gini, domin wuraren da aka samar a Katsina ba sa buƙatar tsadar gine-gine kamar yadda za a kashe a manyan Birane.

Saboda haka, aka kafa ‘Katsina Training College‘ a hukumance a shekarar 1921.

Shirye-shiryen Mayar da Makarantar Zuwa Zariya

Daga baya, jami’an ilimi musamman E. R. J. Hussey suka fara ganin cewa makarantar ta Katsina ba ta da isasshen fili da kayan more rayuwa da za su dace da faɗaɗa makarantar.

Hussey ya fi son a mayar da makarantar zuwa Zariya saboda muhimmancin garin wajen harkokin Ilimi, Noma, Lafiya, da Sufuri. A lokacin, Samaru da sauran cibiyoyin bincike su na kusa da Zariya, haka kuma akwai hanyoyin Jirgin Ƙasa da suka sauƙaƙa zirga-zirga.

Sai dai matsalar tattalin arziki da ƙarancin kuɗin Gwamnati a shekarun 1930 suka jinkirta aikin.

                Matakin Kaduna

A shekarar 1935, Gwamnatin Mulkin Mallaka ta amince da kafa sabuwar Makaranta a Kaduna. An yi la’akari da cewa, Kaduna ta na da kayan more rayuwa irin su:

• Wutar Lantarki
• Ruwan Famfo
• Gidaje
• Da kuma sauƙin gudanar da harkokin Gwamnati.

A shekarar 1938 makarantar ta koma Kaduna, in da aka ci gaba da bunƙasa ta.

Sai dai a lokacin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, Rundunar Sojojin Birtaniya ta karɓi harabar makarantar domin amfanin Soja. Hakan ya sa aka mayar da makarantar zuwa wani wuri a Kaduna Junction.

                   Komawa Zariya

Bayan ƙarshen Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu, shugaban makarantar na lokacin, Mort, ya dage cewa sabon wurin da makarantar take bai dace da dogon zama ba. Ya yi imanin cewa, makarantar na buƙatar muhalli mai faɗi da ya dace da tarbiyya da koyarwa.

Saboda haka, a shekarar 1949 aka mayar da makarantar zuwa Zariya, in da ta ci gaba da aiki a matsayin Government College Zaria.

Daga baya, a shekarar 1972, lokacin bikin cika shekaru 50 da kafuwar makarantar, aka sauya sunanta zuwa Barewa College. Sunan “Barewa” ya samo asali ne daga tambarin makarantar wanda ke ɗauke da hoton Barewa (Gazelle a Turanci).

Gudunmowan Kwalejin Barewa ga Najeriya

Kwalejin Barewa ta yi fice wajen samar da shugabanni a fannoni daban-daban.

Makarantar ta haɗa ɗalibai daga kusan dukkan sassan Arewacin Najeriya — daga Sakkwato zuwa Borno, daga Adamawa zuwa Nupe da Middle Belt. Wannan haɗuwar ta taimaka wajen ƙarfafa zumunci da haɗin kai tsakanin al’ummomi daban-daban.

Daga cikin fitattun mutanen da suka yi makarantar akwai:

• Ahmadu Bello — Firimiyan Arewacin Najeriya
• Abubakar Tafawa Ɓalewa — Firaiministan Nijeriya na farko
• Kashim Ibrahim — Gwamnan Arewacin Najeriya
• Aliyu Makaman Bida — tsohon Ministan Kuɗi
• Isa Kaita — tsohon Ministan Ilimi
• Muhammadu Sa’ad Abubakar III — Sarkin Musulmi na Najeriya.
• Umaru Musa Ƴar’adu’a — tsohon Shugaban Najeriya

Haka kuma makarantar ta samar da:

• Gwamnoni
• Alƙalan Kotuna
• Hafsoshin Soja
• Shugabannin Jami’oi
• Manyan Sakatarori
• Da shugabannin hukumomi masu yawa.

Muhimmancin Kwalejin Barewa

Kwalejin Barewa ba kawai makaranta ba ce; wata cibiyar gina shugabanci ce.

Makarantar ta taimaka wajen samar da sahun farko na shugabannin Arewa da Najeriya baki ɗaya.

Tsoffin ɗaliban makarantar sun kasance masu kishin Ƙasa, haɗin kai, da hidimar jama’a. Wannan ne ya sa ake kallon Barewa Kwaleji a matsayin wata “tushen shugabannin Najeriya.”

Har zuwa yau, sunan Barewa Kwaleji ya na da matsayi na musamman a tarihin ilimi da siyasar Najeriya, musamman a Arewacin ƙasar.

                   MADOGARA

• Ingawa T.L. (2006). Katsina a History of an Ancient City. Hamdala Prinitng and Publishing.
• www.rumbunilimi.com.ng
• Lugga S.A. (2004). Katsina College. Lugga Press, Katsina.
• Mamman M. (2015). Tarihin Unguwannin Birnin Kastina. Ahmadu Bello Univeristy Press Ltd, Samaru, Zaria-Nigeria.
• Barewa Old Boys Association (2015). Brief History of Barewa College, Zaria. An ciro a shekarar (2016) daga shafin:http://www.boba.org.ng/history.html
• Kangiwa M.M. (2014). A short Historical Guide on Katsina National Monuments and Sites.
• Katsina Emirate Council (2009). Katsina Emirate Council, Home of Heritage and Hospitality. An ciro a shekarar (2016), daga shafin:http://www.katsinaemirate.org/
• Nigerian Wiki (2008). Barewa Collage. An ciro a shekarar (2016), daga shafin:http://nigerianwiki.com/wiki/Barewa College.